GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY IN ANDALUSIA

Andalusia is a name Muslims give to Spain. Today, it is the name of a province in the south of Spain. As a natural extension of the first period of Islamic conquests, Andalusia, which was dominated by Muslims between 711-714, remained an Islamic country for eight centuries, although its geographical borders narrowed over time. As long as Andalusia was under the auspices of Muslims, Andalusia's philosophy - also called Maghreb philosophy - differed from Eastern philosophy and added diversity to Islamic philosophy, due to factors such as being away from Baghdad, the center of its philosophy, and the training of many new scholars and philosophers. In addition, it attracted the attention of the Christians of the medieval period and the writings of the westerners held a special place in the works. The first representative of Andalusian philosophy was Ibn Maserre, who was influenced by Batinism and especially Empedocles. His ideas that influenced many people after him, XII. It was systematized by Ibn al-Arif, who was also a mystic in the 19th century. In his al-Faṣl, Ibn Hazm harshly criticized the opposing philosophical movements within the framework of Zahirism. Ibn Hazm's contemporary, Jewish Ibn Cebirol (Gabirol), in his work Yenbûʿu'l-ḥayât, claimed that angels have material bodies and shapes, and argued that the truth can be reached with philosophical thought. XII. century, in general, constitutes the brightest period of philosophy in Andalusia. Ibn Bâcce, one of the philosophers who grew up in this century and who wrote many books and treatises on the works of Aristotle, tried to distinguish between philosophy and classical theology, on the one hand, and on the other hand, he tried to show that a person can come into contact with the "active mind" by developing his own abilities alone. In his work titled Esrârü'l-ḥikmeti'l-meşriḳıyye, Ibn Tufeyl processed the thesis that no teaching is required for the emergence of philosophical and metaphysical thought in human beings, and that this thought is present from birth. Ibn Rushd, one of the greatest philosophers of the Islamic world, the last representative of the Peripatetic school and the most famous commentator of Aristotle, defended philosophy against theology in his Tehâfütü Tehâfüti'l-falâsife, which he wrote in response to Ghazali. In his works Faṣlü'l-maḳāl and el-Keşf ʿan menâhici'l-edille, he argued that the aims of religion and philosophy are the same, but their methods are different.